![]() He had two older sisters, Josefa and Rosa. His parents, Brígida García and Marcelino Juárez were Zapotec peasants. The Maza residence in Oaxaca City where Juárez worked as a youth is now known as Casa de Juárez and preserved as a museum.īenito Juárez was born in an adobe house in San Pablo Guelatao, Oaxaca, located in the mountain range since named for him and now known as the Sierra Juárez. ![]() He is the only individual whose birthday (21 March) is celebrated as a national public and patriotic holiday in Mexico. For Juárez's success in ousting European invasion, Mexicans considered Juárez's tenure as a time of a "second struggle for independence, a second defeat for the European powers, and a second reversal of the Conquest." Īfter his death, the city of Oaxaca added "de Juárez" to its name in his honor, and numerous other places and institutions have been named after him. His policies advocated civil liberties, equality before the law, the sovereignty of civilian power over the Catholic Church and the military, the strengthening of the Mexican federal government, and the depersonalization of political life. Juárez came to be seen as "a preeminent symbol of Mexican nationalism and resistance to foreign intervention." He looked to the United States as a model for Mexican development, as opposed to previous administrations, whose political vision was more inclined towards Europe. His opponent, liberal general, and fellow Oaxacan Porfirio Díaz opposed his re-election and rebelled against Juárez in the Plan de la Noria. During his presidency, he took a number of controversial measures, including his negotiation of the McLane–Ocampo Treaty, which would have granted the United States extraterritorial rights across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec a decree extending his presidential term for the duration of French Intervention his proposal to revise the liberal Constitution of 1857 to strengthen the power of the federal government and his decision to run for reelection in 1871. After being elected president in 1861, he extended his term during the French Intervention and was re-elected in 18 to lead the Restored Republic, but with growing opposition from fellow liberals. He asserted his leadership as the legitimate head of the Mexican state in opposition to Maximilian I, whom the French Empire installed with the support of Mexican conservatives. ![]() Juárez tied liberalism to Mexican nationalism and tenaciously held the presidency until his death in 1872. He led Mexican liberals against conservatives during the conflict and prevailed against the Second French Intervention. With Comonfort's resignation during the Reform War, Juárez, as President of the Supreme Court, became constitutional President of Mexico. He participated in La Reforma, a series of liberal measures under the presidencies of Juan Álvarez and Ignacio Comonfort which culminated in the Constitution of 1857. After his appointment as a judge, he married Margarita Maza, a woman of European ancestry from a socially distinguished family in Oaxaca City, and rose to national prominence after the ouster of Antonio López de Santa Anna in the Plan of Ayutla. Aided by a lay Franciscan, he enrolled in a seminary and studied law at the Institute of Sciences and Arts, where he became active in liberal politics. He is remembered as the preeminent Mexican president of the 19th century.īorn in Oaxaca to a poor rural family and orphaned as a child, Juárez was looked after by his uncle and eventually moved to Oaxaca City at the age of 12, working as a domestic servant. ![]() ![]() As a Zapotec, he was the first indigenous president of Mexico and the first indigenous head of state in the postcolonial Americas. Benito Pablo Juárez García ( Spanish: ( listen) 21 March 1806 – 18 July 1872) was a Mexican liberal politician and lawyer who served as the 26th president of Mexico from 1858 until his death in office in 1872. ![]()
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